Carbon & Costs
Carbon & Costs
Indicative EU ETS allowance cost, FuelEU annual compliance balance and carbon cost guides with transparent assumptions.
ESTIMATE • SEE ASSUMPTIONS • COMPARE
Voyage cost and an annual compliance deficit are different calculations.
Use the EU ETS tool for a voyage segment and the FuelEU tool for energy covered across a whole year. Results are indicative budgeting scenarios, not verified annual reports, allowance surrender or payment notices.
Rule review: 17 October 2026 · Calculation version 2 · Inputs are calculated in your browser, without storage or submission to a server.
01 · EU ETS
Indicative EUA cost for a voyage segment
Simplified scenario for cargo/passenger ships of 5,000 GT and above with eligibility already confirmed. Calculate in-port fuel separately with 100% coverage. Calculate each fuel separately for a multi-fuel segment.
Formula, scope and exclusions
CO₂ = fuel tonnes × factor.
EUA ≈ (CO₂ + other-gas CO₂e for 2026+) × voyage share × phase-in share.
Cost = EUA × EUR/EUA.
Emissions year 2024: 40%; 2025: 70%; 2026 and 2027: 100%. These percentages refer to the emissions year, not the surrender year. One EUA represents one tonne CO₂e. Fractional values are budget estimates, without official annual surrender rounding.
Biofuels, LNG, alternative fuels, exemptions/derogations, ice-class reductions, special port definitions and transshipment-port rules are not automatically applied. Verify the ISO fuel grade and monitoring plan; the VLSFO label alone does not determine a factor. Brokerage, tax, exchange rates and verification fees are excluded.
European Commission · Maritime ETS FAQ ↗EU 2023/2776 · MRV methodology / emission factors ↗
EU 2020/1044 · GWP values ↗
02 · FUELEU MARITIME
Annual compliance balance and potential penalty
This tool uses annual scope-weighted energy for a ship with FuelEU eligibility already established, and annual WtW intensity calculated under Annex I. A single-voyage calculation is not an annual invoice.
Do not copy energy scope from ETS. The Commission currently treats Norway and Iceland as third-country ports until FuelEU incorporation into the EEA Agreement is complete. Verify location, date, exceptions and the applicable notice separately. European Commission ↗
Formula, assumptions and exclusions
Target intensity = 91.16 × (1 − reduction for the year).
CB (g CO₂e) = (target − attained intensity) × covered energy (MJ).
Penalty for a deficit = |CB| ÷ (attained intensity × 41000) × 2400 × [1 + (n−1) ÷ 10].
Target reductions: 2025–29 2%; 2030 6%; 2035 14.5%; 2040 31%; 2045 62%; 2050 80%. The 41,000 MJ/t VLSFO-equivalent term is a penalty conversion constant, not the actual lower calorific value of every fuel.
Pooling, banking, borrowing, the RFNBO subtarget/separate penalty, shore-power obligations and exemptions are excluded from this basic scenario. Zero/negative WtW intensity or scenarios requiring special methodology are unsupported. A positive balance is not sales revenue; no pooling price is assumed. FuelEU results are not automatically added to EU ETS costs.
EU 2023/1805 · Article 4, Article 23, Annex I & IV ↗EMSA · FuelEU Maritime ↗
Cost and compliance guides
FuelEU Maritime
Assess the GHG intensity of energy used, rather than sulphur content or CO₂ mass alone.
Open guide →CAR-02EU ETS and EUA — Emission Allowances
An EUA is an allowance surrendered against covered emissions, not a fuel certificate.
Open guide →CAR-05UK Fuel, UK ETS and MRV
Treat sulphur, carbon and data obligations as three separate checks on a UK voyage.
Open guide →UK ETS has a separate scope, timeline and UKA market. The EUR/EUA calculation on this page does not apply to UK ETS; consult the UK guide separately.